What is correct in this situation?

You chose the correct answer: you must not overtake the cyclist in this situation. There is a pedestrian at the crosswalk on the left, and a van is stopped, likely giving way to the pedestrian. According to German traffic rules, when approaching a pedestrian crossing (zebra crossing) where people are waiting or walking, you must not overtake any vehicles—especially when your view is blocked or pedestrians may be crossing. This protects pedestrians and ensures safety. In future situations: always be extra cautious near pedestrian crossings and never overtake when visibility or traffic rules prohibit it, even if the cyclist is slower.